Sciencemag.org recently published an article discussing the potential health benefits of fasting and caloric restriction. Much of the research was done on mice which is great when trying to measure data objectively. However in a research setting compliance is mandatory, with real life application it is the biggest variable in nutrition.
In the studies using human trials they were restricted calorically to 725-1090 for 5 days out of the month and the rest of the month they were free to eat as they pleased. Benefits in health were shown within three cycles of this protocol.
Some interesting quotes from the article:
"Eating shortens life, and not just because overindulgence can lead to diseases such as diabetes."
"During their lean cuisine episodes, their level of blood sugar fell by 40% and the amount of insulin in the blood was 90% lower. (in reference to the mice tested)"
“Calorie restriction has failed miserably in human trials”
It appears, although it is unclear, the article was comparing the caloric restrictions data to the typical american diet, which does not prove its effectiveness over a well balanced individualized nutrition plan. Although the data may not be incorrect, the application of calorie restriction may be used by many as a scapegoat for proper nutrition. It sounds like a great idea if you starve yourself for only five days when the rest of the month you can eat as you please. How sustainable are these health and body composition benefits if the participants just return to their old eating habits for the other 25 days out of the month?
The benefits seen from severe caloric restriction, outside of the increase in stem cells in the blood, are very similar to the benefits of a proper diet. Following an individual specific meal plan can lead to decreases in visceral fat, which has a direct correlation with health.
Ultimately it is your choice to nourish yourself with what you may. However do the potential side effects of severe caloric restriction out weigh the potential benefits? Could the increased amount of stem cells in the blood be a mechanism to repair damage from the lack of adequate nutrition? Is caloric restriction a scapegoat for proper individualized nutrition?
There article clearly states there is more information to be understood. There may not be a definitive answer right now but I implore you to think critically when choosing your nutritional strategies.
Looking to broaden your nutritional horizons? If you do choose to partake in caloric restriction certain supplements (multivitamin, creatine, rhodiola, BCAA's etc) may aid in fixing the nutritional gaps in your diet.